Anne Sexton Poetry as Therapy Essay - 1439 Words

Anne Sexton: Poetry as Therapy Many great literary and artistic geniuses have been troubled with deep depression and mental illness. Anne Sexton is an example of a poet with such problems who used her personal despair to inspire her poetic works. Not all of Sextons work is based solely on her mental health; but a good portion of her work is influenced by her constant bouts with depression. As she struggled to deal with her own marital infidelity and the problems associated with being a female poet in a male dominated genre, she combined the theme of depression with one based on the roles of women in society. In turn, she gained a wider audience and received recognition for her work. But all the fame and fortune were not enough to†¦show more content†¦Anne married Alfred Muller Sexton II, or Kayo as he was affectionately called, in 1948, despite the fact that she was engaged to another man at this time (Middlebrooke 20-23). Anne did some modeling at the beginning of their marriage and the couple lived with Kayos parents for the first few years. Annes infidelity began early in her marriage to Kayo. She fell in love with a friend of hers and Kayos named Johnny who was a medical student at Harvard. Despite the fact that she claimed the relationship never got physical, the damage was already done. The couple did not divorce but this was just the beginning of Annes repeated marital infidelity (Kumin xix). Anne had many affairs while Kayo was off fighting in the Korean war despite warnings from her mother. It was around this time that Anne first began seeing a psychiatrist (Middlebrook 20-29). When Kayo returned home from the war, life for the couple went fairly back to normal. They had their first child in 1953. After the birth of their child, Annes mental state when from bad to worse. Anne was constantly in a state of panic and worry about her children and hated being left alone with them. The last straw was when Annes great aunt died in 1958. Anne attempted suicide by taking an overdose of Nebutal sleeping pills shortly thereafter. After this incident, her visits to the psychiatrist became more frequent and involved. Dr. Martin Orne, one of Annes psychiatrists, began encouraging her to write poetry as aShow MoreRelatedCreativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthat suicide is considered and often attempted. When the poem writing by Anne Sexton entitled Her Kind you can closely compare how Anne’s mental health affected her poetry and how her poetry affected her mental health. The American Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Anne Sexton took her own life in 1974 via carbon monoxide poisoning before reaching the age of fifty. Her life and work are especially interesting because her poetry was clearly tied to her own psychiatric treatment. She began writing withRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesConfessional poetry is a style that emerged in the late 1950’s. Poetry of this type tends to be very personal and emotional. Many confessional poets dealt with subject matter that had previously been taboo. Death, trauma, mental illness, sexuality, and numerous other topics flowed through the works of the poetry from this movement. Confessional poetry was not purely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three importantRead MoreAnne Sexton : An American Poet1216 Words   |  5 PagesContext: Anne Sexton was an American poet born on November 9th, 1928 in Newton, Massachusetts and raised in Weston. Her family was successful economically wise and Sexton was raised in a middle-class environment; however, Sexton’s relationship with her parents were extremely strained and perhaps abusive; her father was an alcoholic. It was suggested that Sexton may have been sexually abused by her parents and felt that they were hostile to her. As such, Sexton sought refuge in her close relationshipRead MoreMary Sexton s The Grimm Brothers And Anne Sexton948 Words   |  4 Pagesforgot to invite the twelfth wise woman. The twelfth wise woman enters the feast full of anger and cast a horrible spell on Briar Rose. This story of Briar Rose has evolved over time into two stories by different authors, the Grimm brothers and Anne Sexton. They each have different perspectives on the author’s past and the role of the father making. These differences make the fairy tale propose two dif ferent struggles of both social level and a broken family. Authors’ viewpoints are often shownRead MoreSylvia Plath And Anne Sexton1782 Words   |  8 PagesConfessional poets in the 1950’s and 1960’s shaped confessional poetry into a type of writing that forever changed American literature. With controversial subjects at the time such as death, trauma, depression and how relationships impacted people, confessional poetry carved a gateway for private subjects and feelings to be expressed through autobiographical writing. The inspiration behind confessional poetry was the therapy it brought to the writer, being able to take personal experiences and thoughtsRead MoreAnne Sexton2598 Words   |  11 PagesAnne Sexton believed that the most interesting poetry was written out of personal experience. Everything she had been through, her hospitalization, her affairs, her insanity, the loss of her parents, and great-aunt, gave her things to write about. She uses poetry as one of her outlet. She writes out her problems. Her writing was a part of her therapy. As a child, Anne Sexton had to be the center of attention, a demanding child (Self-Portrait in Letter 3). When Anne was younger, she thoughtRead MoreEssay about Influential Poets of the Beat Generation1460 Words   |  6 PagesBeat Poets of that Generation of writers were Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The Beat Generation poetry was the first poets to write about non-conventional subjects as well as using different forms of expression in their works. This generation of poets greatly influenced poets such as Anne Sexton, who wrote about personal experiences as well. The Beat Generation’s style of poetry have influenced many generations of poets after them. The Beat Generation of Poets started in the 1950s andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plath s Poem, She Stripped Away The Polite Veneer1590 Words   |  7 Pageslandscape of poetry by illustrating the potential for it to be a deeply personal art form. In an article dedicated to the memories of Sylvia Plath, Margaret Rees writes: â€Å"She stripped away the polite veneer. She let her writing express elemental forces and primeval fears. In doing so, she laid bare the contradictions that tore apart appearance and hinted at some of the tensions hovering just beneath the surface of the American way of life in the post war period.† As Rees shows, Plath’s poetry broughtRead MoreSylvia Plaths Personality, Perspective, And Poetry1810 Words   |  8 PagesOn October 27, 1932, a dramatic metamorphosis was born into the poetry and literature world. This revolution was Sylvia Plath. Born to Otto Plath, a German immigrant who became a graduated college professor, and one of his students , Aurelia Schober, she would soon become one of the most influential writers of her era. However, early in her life, her father died of diabetes mellitus. This was a common form of diabetes that was easily treated in that time period, but her father had allowed ignoranceRead MoreThe Taboo Of Silence3339 Words   |  14 PagesPlath’s ‘Ariel’ (1966) collection it is the brutality of the reoccurring ‘Holocaust metaphor’ and pastiche to confessional poets such Anne Sexton that asserts the argument of both faith and mental illness being a personal relationship with the self and effectively a struggle with identity, effecting relationships with others which is expressed both in Plath’s own poetry such as ‘The Applicant’ and in Ted Hughes ‘Birthday Letters’ in poems such as ‘Fever’ . Within McEwan’s ‘Enduring Love’ (1997) it is

Essay The Beginning of Global Warming - 1288 Words

One may believe Global Warming is tedious and a myth and show no concern for the environment surrounding them. The reason for choosing this topic of Global Warning is because Global Warming is a reality that the world must recognize. People must understand the many changes occurring on earth as well as the people all over the world have prevented global warming. The earth has many changes that have occurred in the past and further events waiting to occurring in the future. There are many facts to prove the people are not noticing the harm we are undertaking towards earth. The earth has many changes that have occurred in the past and some that are going to transpire in the future. One could notice changes such as â€Å"Glaciers melting, plants†¦show more content†¦We saw the hottest March on record in the contiguous US and July was the hottest single month ever recorded in those lower 48 states†¦the frequency and intensity of some very costly types of extreme events are likely to worsen with climate change, as temperatures continue to rise and affect weather patterns†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was stated by the NRDC. With the geographical image (See figure 3) one can see the record braking heat and snow here within Texas. The urgency of taking action becomes clearer with every new scientific study made. I can personally support the dramatic weather changes throughout the seasons in Texas. I first moved into San Antonio a few years ago and immediately noticed the warm Texas weather. I begin to perceive the warm summer days commence to feel hotter than usual as for the winter season only last for a month and jump right into summer again. Throughout the seasons one does feel the weather as it should be during the season, but here in Texas one day the weather is extremely hot and jumps into low temperatures the next day. The greenhouse effect takes a major role in global warming as the balance of natural causes towards the earth’s weather and surroundings. (See figure 4). An article discovered on the web stimulates the explanation of the greenhouse effect stating, â€Å"Climate change is due to the enhancement of the Earths greenhouse effect, which is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that trap heat in theShow MoreRelatedThe Rationalization Of Global Warming1333 Words   |  6 PagesRationalization of Global Warming Global Warming is one of the most recent discussions within the scientific community and throughout its path towards acceptance scientist in agreeance with the model have to provide evidence of support for their claim. Kuhn’s process of discovery states that normal science is only thrown into a paradigm shift when a crisis emerges within the paradigm and the discoveries within the crisis lead to a revolution towards a new normal science. Within the scientific communityRead MoreGlobal Warming Is An Issue That Scientists And All People Should Be Concerned With The Environment1548 Words   |  7 PagesMany folks have heard of global warming which is also known as the Greenhouse effect, but don’t know if it’s real or not, well the answer is that it is real and hopefully by the end of reading this people will understand why. There are numerous thoughts about whether global warming is truly an issue that scientists and all people should be concerned with. Some people feel that climate change is not a threat at all, but at the same time others feel that global warming is a huge threat to people andRead MoreThe Threat Of Global Warming Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming warmer. When scientists add up all the heat warming the land, oceans, atmosphere, ice melting, earth is accumulating heat equivalent to four Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second. Global warming is a serious issue faced by our world as there has been a significant increase in temperature over the years. But the article published by Dr. Mark Sircus on â€Å"Global Warming -largest science scandal in the history† refutes the theory of global warming. Dr. Sircus states that there is no linkage betweenRead MoreGlobal Warming Is The New Epidemic1261 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming is the new epidemic that is facing the United States as well as the entire world. Global Warming is the gradual increase of temperatures around the globe. The gradual rise of the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and also the oceans is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. There is a debate among an abundance of people that and sometimes in the news, on whether global warming is real or not. However, scientists and climate experts all agree that theRead MoreThe Disastrous Effects of Global Warming1118 Words   |  5 Pagesup so much fresh water that the oceans were some 100 meters lower than today. On a global basis, the world warmed up some five degrees Celsius from the beginning of the ice age’s rapid retreat over 15,000 years ago (39). The large and rapid climatic change affected the atmosphere, temperature, and water cycles. Research shows that planet Earth is in fact still warming. Senator Al Gore says this about global warming: â€Å"You see that pale, blue dot? That’s us. Everything that has ever happened in allRead MoreGlobal Warming Warning Essay examples1269 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Warning In 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder). This is because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. The issue with global warming is that it has impactions for damage to future generations. Prevention of a global climate change depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current views on global warming are; those who do not think that the Earth is undergoing a climate change, othersRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1571 Words   |  7 PagesAs global issues today become increasingly controversial, many people are inclined to believe that Global Warming is an issue that can take a backseat to more significant issues that plague today’s society. The information presented throughout my research in regards to the rising sea levels and the melting of glaciers and ice shelves, highly indicates that it cannot. What many Americans fail to realize is that if sea levels continue to rise due t o Global Warming, then more than half of LouisianaRead MoreThe Consequences Of Global Warming1579 Words   |  7 PagesConsequences of Global Warming What does someone think of when the topic of global warming is presented? They might think of the earth warming, or the sun burning up, but do they think of the affects this issue has caused our Mother Earth or think about what they do on a day-to-day basis as being the prime contributor to this environmental problem? Do they realize or even worry about the next generation dying because of the various factors of global warming? Some may think of global warming as a tale orRead MoreA Global Warming Warning Essay examples1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder), because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. Global warming might be the greatest threat to the future of humanity. Prevention of a global climate shift depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current debate on global warming is divided into three categories: those who do not believe that the Earth is un dergoing a climate change, others that believe the EarthRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Global Warming Introduction Global warming has been discussion for many years, but has, in the last decade or two been at the forefront of attention. The enormous effects and potential risks on humanity that can result from rise in global temperatures and the environment must be addressed, because the earth after all is finite. â€Å"Globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the earth’s average surface

Work attitude in Vietnam Free Essays

Work attitudes have become the most critical point for managers In the context that there Is a shift from a planned to market economy In developing countries. This raised a question for managers about whether or not this change may affect employee attitudes about work, commitment to a company, satisfaction and willingness to work hard. In a research conducted in Vietnam, three researchers, namely, El NCO Hung, Stephen Apollo and Earn Eagleburger explored and clarified the issues of organizational commitment, Job satisfaction and reasons affecting work attitudes in Vietnam. We will write a custom essay sample on Work attitude in Vietnam or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, the critical reason for this survey conducted in Vietnam was that Vietnam was one of the most suitable countries for this research where employees have traditionally worked for state-owned enterprises (Goes) but now are starting to work In economic market. Moreover, Vietnam had a potential labor workforce and nearly 80 million people were born after 1975. Thus, If the government can utilize this advantage by effective Investment or attracting foreign Investors, It will be a considerable competitive force. Otherwise, It might trigger to various social problems. As the research revealed, generally speaking, Vietnamese employees expressed positive work value. In specific, older employees were more committed to their organizations and more satisfied with their jobs, while employees with more education had lower commitment and Job satisfaction. They also reported more committed when they held a Job that was complicated, required more teamwork or they considered their Job as a central life interest. Employees who sought more independent or high income were less satisfied with their Jobs. However, there are some distinctions in attitude of employees between working in Goes and private companies as well as in regions. There was a trend that employees working In private firms were more satisfied and committed than their counterparts In Goes. Relating to regional differences, the attitudes of older workers In the south of Vietnam were more positive than the north and SEE employees In the north had such more negative attitudes than their counterparts in the south. The main purpose of this research was better understand employees as well as find the best way to treat them in order to enhance their organizational commitment and job satisfaction. This research also indicated economic restructuring was the core leading to negative attitudes in the north because nearly all of their Job were in Goes. With the change in this structure, a great deal of downsizing and Job changing may be more extensive in the north, triggering to uncertainty in their minds. How to cite Work attitude in Vietnam, Papers

Travel and Tourism Essay

Question: Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations. Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist destinations. Answer: Introduction Tourism is defined as the travel undertaken for a limited duration either for leisure, recreation, family, religious or business purposes (Papatheodorou, et al., 2012). The World Tourism Organisation has defined tourism as the activities which an individual undertakes in order to travel to or stay in places that are outside their usual environment, for a period not more than one consecutive year either for business, leisure or other purposes (Evans, et al., 2012). Travel and tourism is the fastest growing industry and makes a considerable contribution to worlds economy and employs the highest number of individuals. Depending upon the purpose tourism can be classified into three broad categories namely; leisure tourism, business tourism and visiting friend and family tourism (Evans, et al., 2012). However with people becoming more and more concerned about their society and its well being, responsible tourism and volunteering tourism are two forms of tourism that is gaining popularity at a fast pace. Analyse issues that affect the Popularity of Tourist Destinations Tourism is the fastest growing industry, more and more new businesses coming up and more and more people are getting involved in it. Places acts as products in this case and like any other business it needs effective marketing strategies in order to create an awareness of product specialities (Hall, et al., 2003). Word of mouth publicity plays the most vital role in tourism. PESTLE Analysis helps determining the macro-environment of an industry and can be used to analysing the factors that affect the popularity of tourist destinations. Political Factors Use of Tourism as a political tool: At some tourist destinations tourism is used as a political tool and is used in political war decreasing the popularity of the place (Dwyer Forsyth, 2010). Myanmar is an excellent example where internal and external political forces shape the tourism of the place and has become a highly contested and visible political issue. Growth of nationalism and religious fundamentalism: It also leads to a decline in the popularity of a tourist destination as it imposes a threat to security. Recent attacks on Asian in Australia is an example of cases which imposed a threat on tourists of specific nationality Economical Factors Economics: Economic health of a tourist destination greatly impacts its popularity(Dwyer Forsyth, 2010). Destinations with strong economy possess the ability to invest in infrastructure and providing high quality facilities to the tourists. However a strong economy indicated strong value of currency which creates an affordability issue for tourists. For example, Europe which is a very popular tourist destination owing to its infrastructure, facilities and natural beauty however affordability is the primary concern associated with the place. Socio-Cultural Factors Sustainability: As people are becoming more and more concerned about the well-being of their society and environment they are looking for sustainability in tourism such that it does not create any negative impact on the society, environment and economy (Vodopivec Jaffe, 2011). Lesser the efforts made by tourist destinations to ensure sustainability lesser is the popularity. Human Right: As tourism is developing as the biggest economic sector worldwide protecting human rights of the local community of tourist destinations has become a serious issue(travelmatters, 2014). Use of child labour, forced labour, prostitution, human trafficking etc, are some of the activities which are threat to the popularity of the destination. Ethics: Unethical activities such as cheating customers by charging them hire amount, selling them fake products, providing services that does not meet specified standards, thefts, sale of drugs without licence etc considerable reduce the popularity of tourist destinations(travelmatters, 2014). Terrorism: Terrorism creates a threat in the minds of people completely destroying the popularity of a tourist destination(Clav Wilson, 2013). Best example of this is Kashmir Valley in India which is beautiful as heaven however presence of terrorist activities in the place has greatly reduced its popularity as a tourist destination. Conflict with agriculture: In order to maintain the popularity of tourist destinations it must be ensured that tourist activities should not be in conflict with agriculture(travelmatters, 2014). Recent report on tourism in Bali reveals how the agriculture of the place is struggling due to diminishing water resources which is being overexploited to meet the rising demands of tourism. Trade links and Sports Links: Popularity of a tourist destination is enhanced by its strong trade links and sports links as these appear as added attractions to tourists(Page, 2012). Australia is recognised worldwide for its specialised trade links and sports links making the place a highly popular tourist destination. Technological Role of Media: Media plays a vital role in creating awareness of a tourist destination. Greater the recommendations made by the media greater will be the popularity of the place(Rodgers, 2001). Greater the information provided on media greater is the willingness to visit the place. Advancement: Destinations that provide high-tech facilities like are most sought after destinations. Places that have telephone networks, internet connection, process automations etc are considered safe as compared to remote locations. Environmental Factors Climate: Climate and popularity of tourist destinations goes hand in hand (Zainal, et al., 2012). Most of the tourist destinations are preferred in a particular season only. For example, places that are famous for their beaches are less popular during summers while popularity of hill stations increases during this season. Some places are popular for their beauty during rainy season while some are avoided specially during rains. Places that face extremes of climatic conditions are generally not preferred for tourism, for example, Antarctica and Greenland. Global Warming: Global warming also has a considerable impact on tourism and greatly affects the popularity of tourist destinations (Rodgers, 2001). Small islands and coastal regions that depend on tourism as their main source of living are under great threat as global warming is resulting in a rise in sea levels which will slowly submerge these destinations. Venice is an example of such destination which is facing threat of rising sea level (Mack, 2012). Global warming causes various other problems like desertification and the scarcity of water in hot destinations, deforestation and harm of biodiversity in destinations famous for their wildlife and melting of snow and glaciers in destinations famous of snow covered mountains and ski activity. Arctic Flows and Ocean Current: Popularity of coastal regions is greatly affected by arctic flows and ocean currents(Page, 2012). Flow of water in case of oceanic currents is disturbed owing to winds, tides and differences in water density making the destinations unsafe. Natural Disasters: Natural disasters have devastating effects on the popularity of the tourist destinations not only because it destroys the infrastructure of the place but also creates a fear in the heart of tourist about the place(Singh, 2008). 2003 hurricane in Grenada and 2004 tsunami in South East Asia are still remembered by tourist while planning their travel to such areas. People still avoid such places completely destroying their popularity as a tourist destination. Legal Factors Laws and Legislations: Government rules and regulations of a tourist destination greatly affect its popularity (Clav Wilson, 2013). Greater the restriction and legal formalities lesser will be the demand. For example, Andaman and Nicobar Islands are recognised worldwide for its naturally beautiful seas however the laws of the place prohibit people from using private transports; everything closes by 7pm in the evening due to which the place appears dull and has no night life thus, fails to attract too many tourists. The Potential for Responsible Tourism to enhance the Host Community at Worldwide Tourist Destinations There are a number of ways by which it can be analysed that the popularity of a tourist destination is being affected namely; increase or decrease in the visitor numbers directly indicate a rise of decline in the popularity of a place, statistical data related to various resources of the place, economic data that shows the contribution made tourism to strengthen the economy of the place, number of tourist generated by the place in peak seasons and world distribution(Page, 2012). One of the major impacts of increase in tourism activities at a tourist destination is the decline in the quality lifestyle of the host communities(Rodgers, 2001). There are many examples where an increase in rise of tourism interferes with the day to day life of local people and also is also effecting the environment adversely. Venice is a place that is almost sinking under the weight of tourism, another example being Bali where water resources are being used to meet the needs of increased tourist resulting in considerable water shortage for agricultural use. Responsible tourism is the answer to all such problems and has the potential to enhance the host communities at worldwide tourist destinations. Responsible Tourism is the approach of managing tourism in a way that leads to maximisation of social, economical and environmental benefits which minimising the cost of the destinations (Leslie, 2012). Responsible tourism aims at creating places that are better to live and better to visit. It helps the host communities by improving the quality of their lives which has been disturbed by tourism. It helps ensuring that the tourism has minimum impact on the culture and environment of the host communities. It helps satisfying the needs of host communities and the present tourists while ensuring their needs will be protected and enhanced in the future (Spenceley, 2012). Responsible tourism is highly recommended as it helps enhancing the sustainability to the tourism sector of the destination. In order to take advantage of this fast growing indust ry it is important to ensure the environment and culture of the host communities is preserved (Leslie, 2012). Apart from preserving the environment and culture it helps enhancing economical growth, creating employment opportunities for local people, women empowerment, and conservation of natural resources, growth or agriculture and development of a strong infrastructure. Responsible tourism like any other form of tourism has its own problems and implications such as adverse impacts to environment and climate change as it also involves air travels and other means of transportation (Leslie, 2012). At times responsible tourism results in too much interference with the wildlife and biodiversity of the tourist destinations causing huge damage to the host communities. It also interferes with the culture and ways of living of the local people reducing their quality of life. One of the most effective ways of managing the problems associated with responsible tourism is encouraging people to travel to nearby places instead of places that are far away. This will help reducing all forms of pollution created by means of transportations and will also help conserving natural resources. These problems can also be managed by ensuring that only limited numbers of tourists are allowed to travel to places that are under threat due to excessive rise in tourist activities . References Clav, S. A. Wilson, J., (2013) Geographies of Tourism: European Research Perspectives. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Dwyer, L. Forsyth, P., (2010) Tourism Economics and Policy. London: Channel View Publications. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. Campbell, D., (2012) Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism. New Jersey: Taylor Francis. Hall, C. M., Timoth, D. J. D. T. D., (2003) Safety and Security in Tourism: Relationships, Management, and Marketing. New Jersey: Routledge. Leslie, D., (2012) Responsible Tourism: Concepts, Theory and Practice. Burlington: CABI. Mack, B., (2012) Tourism overwhelms vanishing Venice. [Online] Available at: https://www.dw.de/tourism-overwhelms-vanishing-venice/a-16364608 [Accessed 2014]. Page, S., (2012) Tourism Management. New Jersey: Routledge. Papatheodorou, D. A., Forsyth, P. P. Graham, D. A., (2012) Aviation and Tourism: Implications for Leisure Travel. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Rodgers, J., (2001) Advanced Travel and Tourism. Oxford: Heinemann. Singh, L., (2008) Fundamental Of Tourism And Travel. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House. Spenceley, A., (2012) Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development. Hamburg: Earthscan. travelmatters, (2014) What is Ethical Tourism?. [Online] Available at: https://www.travelmatters.co.uk/ethical-tourism/ [Accessed 2015]. Vodopivec, B. Jaffe, R., (2011) Save the World in a Week: Volunteer Tourism, Development and Difference. European Journal of Development Research, 23(1), pp. 111-128. Zainal, A. et al., (2012) Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations. Boca Raton: CRC Press.